ISAIAH

ISAIAH 1

GOD’S WARNING TOWARDS JUDAH

The prophet Isaiah shares a vision that occurred during the times of the following kings: Uzziah, Jothan, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. Their stories are recorded in 2 Kings 14-20.

Isaiah confronts the nation of Judah regarding their disobedience and rebellion against God. The northern kingdom of Israel will be taken captive by the Assyrians and this prophecy is warning Judah that their kingdom awaits a similar fate. Isaiah compares Judah to Sodom and Gomorrah, cities that were destroyed because of their corruption, recorded in Genesis 19.

God is not pleased with Judah’s sacrifices, calling them vain and meaningless. God will not respond to the prayers of Judah because of their injustice and hypocrisy. Although Judah is going through the motions of religious rituals, their hearts are not postured towards God.

God warns the people of Judah that the faithful will be restored, but those who reject God will perish. God will redeem the people who genuinely repent and turn to righteousness, rebuilding them as a new faithful city.

Isaiah 1:7 - Your country lies desolate; your cities are burned with fire; in your very presence foreigners devour your land; it is desolate, as overthrown by foreigners.

ISAIAH 2

GOD ALONE WILL BE EXALTED 

Isaiah speaks of a future time when God’s house will be regarded highly, towering above the city on a mountain. Although God’s people have rejected His authority in Judah, God will eventually humble the proud.

Isaiah speaks of the judgment that the nations will face due to their worship of false gods and their prideful arrogance. In God’s restoration of a new Jerusalem, God alone will be exalted.

ISAIAH 3

GOD’S JUDGMENT ON JUDAH + JERUSALEM 

Isaiah tells of Jerusalem’s doom, explaining how God will remove all of their support and structure, from their bread and water to their leaders and talent. Isaiah prophesizes how the people of Judah will treat each other with brutality and defy God’s instruction.

Using the imagery of a vain woman, Isaiah tells how God will bring judgment to the people of Judah, humbling the prideful and opposing the wicked.

Isaiah 3:8 - For Jerusalem has stumbled, and Judah has fallen, because their speech and their deeds are against the Lord, defying his glorious presence.

ISAIAH 4

THE REMNANT OF ISRAEL WILL BE A FRUITFUL BRANCH

Although Judah’s future looks bleak, there is hope for those who remain faithful, referred to as the remnant.

God will provide a branch, an image of regrowth and new life, to the remnant that brings cleansing renewal. In John 15:1-8, Jesus describes Himself as the vine, connecting His followers to the Father.

God reminds the Israelites how He provided for them in wilderness with a cloud by day and a fire by night (Exodus 13). God wants to protect those who remain faithful.

ISAIAH 5

WARNING AGAINST JUDAH’S VULNERABILITY 

Isaiah offers a song or poem to the nation of Judah, warning them of their vulnerable state. Because of Judah’s disobedience, their protection will be removed, and they will be like an unkempt vineyard. Isaiah compares Israel to a vine that yielded only bitter grapes, instead of producing sweet, healthy grapes.

Isaiah rebukes those who are frivolous, wasteful, or greedy. Isaiah confronts the arrogant ways of Judah, calling out the people who love injustice and drunkenness. Isaiah warns that enemy nations will be able to easily attack Judah in their unprotected and unrighteous state.

ISAIAH 6

GOD SENDS ISAIAH ON HIS BEHALF 

Isaiah recalls a vision of seeing God on His throne beside an angelic creature. Marveling in God’s majesty, Isaiah became aware of his own impurities, and he despised his unclean lips. The angelic creature took burning coals from God’s altar and touched them to the lips of Isaiah, taking away his guilt and atoning for his sins.

Isaiah hears the Lord asking whom He shall send on His behalf. Isaiah responded, saying “Here I am! Send me.” And God instructed Isaiah to bring a message to the Israelites, telling them that their hearts are hardened, and they will be unreceptive to God’s instruction. God told Isaiah that this would last until the cities are empty and everyone has left.

In Matthew 13, Jesus would reference Isaiah’s message to the Israelites in an explanation of His teaching in parables. Jesus says that the people will hear, but not understand, see, but not perceive, fulfilling the message of Isaiah 6:9-11.

The final verse of this chapter depicts a tree stump, symbolizing the Israelites' downfall, but states that it contains a future seed, a symbol of hope and new life.

ISAIAH 7

A CHILD WILL BE BORN TO A VIRGIN WOMAN

During the time that Ahaz was king of Judah, Aram (also called Syria) and Israel attacked Jerusalem. God reassured Ahaz through the prophet Isaiah, telling him not to fear these enemy nations. God also told Isaiah that Damascus (the capital of Aram/Syria) and the northern ten tribes of Israel will soon cease to exist, ending in ruins.

Isaiah also prophesies that a virgin woman will give birth to a son named Immanuel, meaning “God with us.” By the time the child is old enough to know right from wrong, the enemies of Judah will have perished. In this prophecy, Isaiah foreshadows the future hope of Jesus, including Mary’s miraculous virgin conception (Luke 1)!

ISAIAH 8

ASSYRIA TO INVADE JUDAH

Isaiah’s wife conceives and gives birth to a son. God tells Isaiah to name the baby “Maher-shalal-hash-baz,” which means “quick to the spoil, hurry to the plunder,” foretelling the upcoming Assyrian invasion.

God tells Isaiah that before the child is able to speak, Israel’s capital city of Samaria will be taken captive by Assyria. God instructs Isaiah to fear the Lord, not the Assyrians, and to consult Him alone, rather than fortune tellers or mediums.

In verse 16, Isaiah mentions that he has disciples who seal up his teachings and prophecies. These disciples were likely responsible for continuing Isaiah’s message after his eventual death.

ISAIAH 9

PROMISES OF A FUTURE KING 

Isaiah tells of the coming of a future king, one who will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, and Prince of Peace. God will use the tribe of Judah to bring the future savior, a descendant from the line of David. The promise of a future king brings hope to the nation of Israel who is in desperate need of peace, justice, and righteousness.

Alongside the good news of a Savior, there is bad news in realizing the need for a Savior. Israel has gone astray, and God will cut them off, only saving a small remnant of faithful people. Normally, God fervently protects the widows and the fatherless, but even the vulnerable have rejected God and turned away. God’s wrath is depicted like fire to those who have become faithless.

Isaiah 9:1-2 is specifically fulfilled by Jesus’s early ministry in Capernaum, a city near Galilee and the territories of Zebulun and Naphtali (Matthew 4:15-16).

Isaiah 9:6 - For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

ISAIAH 10

JUDGMENT ON ASSYRIA 

Isaiah rebukes those who are oppressors and liars, warning them of the wrath that awaits them. Specifically, God warns Assyria of their impending doom. Although Assyria opposes God’s people, God is still able to use them for His purposes, aligning them with His plans as opposition to the rebellious nation. God will allow the Assyrians to wipe out the faithless in Israel.

However, after they have served God’s purpose the Assyrians will also be struck down and destroyed due to their pride and arrogance. Although they will defeat Israel, God has the final say.

God will protect the faithful remnant of Israel and remove Assyria as their oppressor, and foretell a time when they will eventually return to their land after the exile.

ISAIAH 11

FROM THE BRANCH OF DAVID, RESCUE IS COMING

Referring to Isaiah 6:13, Isaiah prophesies of the root of Jesse, the line of David, producing a “new branch” or future offspring. The Holy Spirit will bring Him wisdom, understanding, counsel, and might. This branch will have knowledge and delight in the fear of the Lord. Isaiah, describing Jesus, depicts this coming king as one who will bring peace, illustrating a lion lying gently with a lamb.

Not only will the future king come to bring peace, but to rescue the remnant. God compares the way He will save those who remain faithful to when He rescued the Israelites from Egypt in Exodus. God is on an endless pursuit, over and over again, to rescue those who love Him.

ISAIAH 12

THE REMNANT WILL PRAISE GOD WITH JOY + GRATITUDE 

Isaiah tells the people of Israel how they will one day worship God for turning away His anger and providing comfort and salvation. Isaiah envisions the remnant singing praises to God for His glorious generosity and faithfulness.

ISAIAH 13

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS BABYLON 

Over the next few chapters, Isaiah offers a series of speeches or oracles warning other nations. This first oracle speaks to Babylon, one of the most powerful nations in the world at the time.

God will use Babylon’s power and rebellion for His purposes by letting them overthrow Judah. After the Babylonians have served God’s purposes, Babylon will be overthrown by the Medes. God has authority over everything, even those who oppose Him and His people!

ISAIAH 14

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS ASSYRIA  

Because God is compassionate towards Israel, God promises to eventually restore Israel and Judah as rulers over their oppressors. God allows His nation to experience the consequences of sin while still giving them hope of restoration.

Isaiah rebukes Babylon’s pride, taunting their king and referencing their future of doom. Isaiah also speaks to the Assyrians, telling them that they will be shattered and God’s established plans will prevail. Finally, Isaiah speaks to the Philistines warning them of their coming destruction.

ISAIAH 15

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS MOAB  

In this oracle, Isaiah delivers a message concerning the Moabites. The language used to describe their downfall contains imagery of great grief and despair.

ISAIAH 16

THE FATE OF THE MOABITES  

Isaiah’s oracle against Moab continues, predicting that in three years the Moabites will be devastated because of their pride and arrogance. Moab, once regarded for its riches and abundance, will soon be known for nothing.

God is mourned by the fate of the Moabites. Although God enacts justice over Moab, He is also compassionate and grieved by their pain.

ISAIAH 17

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS DAMASCUS

Isaiah speaks a warning over Damascus, telling of their unfortunate fate. Damascus will become a pile of dust and rubble, leaving only a small remnant behind.

Isaiah presents the compelling argument that one day mankind will stand before the God who created them, not their man-made altars or idols. Isaiah cautions that the day of God’s judgment is drawing near for the many nations who are unfaithful.

ISAIAH 18

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS CUSH 

Isaiah continues with his oracles warning foreign pagan nations. Isaiah speaks to the people beyond the rivers of Cush, possibly near Ethiopia, who are described as tall and attractive. Isaiah warns that God will cut off their nation and they will be left behind for the birds and beasts to devour.

ISAIAH 19

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS EGYPT

Continuing his oracles of warning, Isaiah cautions the Egyptians that they will have civil unrest and fight amongst each other. God will hand over the Egyptians to a cruel new master that will rule over them. The water of the Nile, one of Egypt’s greatest assets, will be diminished and dried up. Even the small nation of Judah will become a terror to the Egyptians!

Although God has a purpose in the destruction of Egypt and Assyria, God still shows that He is compassionate and merciful towards them. God offers hope that there will be a day when the Egyptians and Assyrians worship God together with Israel. Even the greatest enemies of God’s people will eventually come to know God!

God blesses these three nations, calling Egypt His people, Assyria the work of His hands, and Israel His inheritance.

ISAIAH 20

THE PURPOSE OF ISAIAH’S NAKEDNESS

God instructs Isaiah to walk naked and barefoot as a sign of warning that the people of Egypt and Cush would soon be humiliated and exiled by the Assyrians.

ISAIAH 21

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS BABYLON  

Isaiah prophesizes the fall of Babylon, foretelling that they will be taken over by another nation like a sweeping whirlwind. Isaiah says that all of the false idols and carved images in Babylon will be shattered to the ground. The people of Dumah and Arabia will also be affected by Babylon’s fall, as the scattered Babylonians will take refuge in their land.

ISAIAH 22

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS JERUSALEM   

Next, Isaiah speaks to Jerusalem, mourning their coming destruction. Instead of repenting or mourning their inequity, the people of Jerusalem bask in their sinful ways for their remaining days, knowing their end was near, being dismissive and dishonoring God’s warnings.

Shebna, one of the authorities in Jerusalem, made a pretentious tomb for himself to appear important and valued. Because of his pride, Isaiah told Shebna that God would whirl him around, tossing his remains like a ball in the wind. Instead, a man named Eliakim, from the line of David, is appointed as an authority in Judah. During the reign of Eliakim (later renamed Jehoiakim, Babylon overthrows Judah (2 Kings 23-24). This reference to Eliakim’s leadership and fall highlights the vulnerability of Judah and the need for Jesus, the ultimate Savior from the line of David.

ISAIAH 23

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS TYRE 

Continuing his oracles, Isaiah speaks against the city of Tyre. At the time, Tyre was an affluent and powerful trade center on the coast. Although God will bring anguish upon Tyre, He will ultimately restore them in seventy years and use their influence and wealth to honor God and His people.

ISAIAH 24

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS THE WHOLE EARTH   

Isaiah shifts from warning specific nations to warning everyone on the earth. Some of Isaiah’s prophecies occurred and were fulfilled within a few years and some within a few hundred years. In this chapter, Isaiah speaks of the end times in an apocalyptic prophecy.

Because of God’s promise in Genesis 9, the world will never be flooded again, but this chapter speaks of similar all-consuming destruction. For God to create a new, perfect, restored Earth, the current broken Earth must be devastated. Although this passage can sound frightening or extreme, the hope of Jesus helps us look forward to a renewed, sinless Earth.

To dwell completely with God, sin must be eradicated. Thankfully, Jesus paid for that sin, removing us of our guilt and granting us eternal access to God.

ISAIAH 25

GOD WILL PERMANENTLY DEFEAT DEATH 

Isaiah praises God and exults Him for His redemptive nature. Isaiah remembers that God has done wonderful things in the past and trusts that He has faithful plans for the future. In the end, God will be glorified and will prepare a celebratory feast for all of His people. God permanently defeats death and puts an end to tears of mourning.

For those who have faithfully waited for God, they will rejoice in His salvation! There is good news coming for those who trust in God.

Isaiah 25:8 - He will swallow up death forever; and the Lord God will wipe away tears from all faces, and the reproach of his people he will take away from all the earth, for the Lord has spoken.

ISAIAH 26

GOD WILL BRING RESTORATION + PEACE 

Isaiah records a song of praise that expresses how God’s people will rejoice once He has restored His perfect world. Isaiah sings that those who keep their mind of God will be kept in perfect peace. This song is a reminder that although the world will continually bring anxiety, God is the Author and Creator of peace. Isaiah acknowledges that Israel has been influenced by other gods or idols, but states that God alone is worth remembering and honoring.

Isaiah notes that God will come out from His heavenly dwelling place to deal with sin once and for all. When God sends Jesus, He steps down from His royal throne and takes our place on the cross!

ISAIAH 27

GOD WILL REDEEM + RESTORE JUDAH 

Isaiah uses the image of Leviathan, a mythical sea creature also referenced in the book of Job, to depict evil being overcome. All of the nations who once oppressed the people of Judah will be afflicted.

God plans to redeem Judah, bringing them back to life like a fruitful vineyard carefully tended to. God states that when Israel is restored, there will be no pagan idols or false gods. The nation will be restored and reunited to worship God alone!

ISAIAH 28

JUDGMENT + WARNING TOWARDS ISRAEL 

Isaiah warns that the northern Kingdom of Israel will soon be destroyed because of their pride and refers to them as a fading flower. Isaiah calls out the political and religious leaders for their drunkenness and poor judgment. To those who ignore God, His judgment will be like a raging storm, but to those who are righteous, His judgment will be like a beautiful crown.

Upon hearing this warning, the leaders of Israel mocked Isaiah and ignored him. Because of their mockery, God responds by telling them they will no longer hear the Word of God.

God has laid a cornerstone in Zion, another name for Jerusalem, marking Israel as a place with a firm foundation. Although God will allow Israel to suffer the consequences of their unfaithfulness, God has plans to redeem Israel.

God calls for the repentance of His people, inviting them to hear His words and pay attention to His plans. God compares His purpose for Israel to threshing wheat, saying the grain must be crushed before being made into something better.

Isaiah 28:16 - therefore thus says the Lord God, ‘Behold, I am the one who has laid as a foundation in Zion, a stone, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone, of a sure foundation: “Whoever believes will not be in haste.”

ISAIAH 29

JERUSALEM WILL BE OVERTHROWN BEFORE THEIR REDEMPTION

In this chapter, Isaiah addresses Jerusalem, which he references as “Ariel,” meaning “Lion of God.” Isaiah prophesizes that Jerusalem will be overthrown by other nations and become as lowly as dirt.

Isaiah acknowledges God as the Creator, using the analogy of a potter and clay. The Israelites, despite their entitled attitudes, have no power over the God who created them. God views His creation as the work of His hands and desires their worship and affection.

The people of Jerusalem appear near to God with their words, but not with their hearts or their actions. In the same way God promised to redeem Abraham, God tells of His plans to redeem Jerusalem and rebuild the city.

ISAIAH 30

BLESSED ARE THOSE WHO WAIT ON THE LORD + TRUST HIS TIMING 

God warns His people against making alliances with other nations without asking God for direction. The Israelites are relying on their own strength and political decisions instead of consulting God for help. The help of Egypt is worthless and empty compared to God’s authority. Isaiah remembers Rahab, the prostitute who protected Joshua and Caleb (Joshua 2) and compares Egypt to a “Rahab who sits still,” claiming their help is useless and unrighteous.

The rebellious nation of Israel is unwilling to hear God’s Word or receive His instruction. God encourages the Israelites that they will find rest, quietness, and strength in trusting in Him.

God’s wrath will ultimately fall on the Assyrians, and they will be terror-stricken by God’s ultimate victory. Despite their rebellion, God is gracious and merciful towards Jerusalem. He will establish Himself as their teacher and they will follow His divine direction. God plans to bind up the wounds of the Israelites, restoring and healing them. Blessed are those who wait on the Lord.

Isaiah 30:18 - Therefore the Lord waits to be gracious to you, and therefore he exalts himself to show mercy to you. For the Lord is a God of justice; blessed are all those who wait for him.

ISAIAH 31

RELY ON GOD ALONE FOR STRENGTH  

God, through Isaiah, warns Israel not to put their trust in other nations, specifically Egypt. God urges His people to rely on His divine strength alone, not on horses or chariots. The Israelites forget that God was able to drown the Egyptian army (Exodus 14)! God has already proved His faithfulness and power, but the Israelites value Egypt’s influence over God’s.

In the same way a lion is not afraid of sheep, God will not be intimidated by Israel’s opposition. Assyria will not fall because of man, but by God’s mighty sword.

God wants Israel to repent, turn back to Him, and abandon their handmade idols. In the end, God will protect and restore Jerusalem.

Isaiah 31:5 - Like birds hovering, so the Lord of hosts will protect Jerusalem; he will protect and deliver it; he will spare and rescue it.

ISAIAH 32

A RIGHTEOUS KING IS COMING 

Isaiah tells of a future time when a righteous king will rule over Israel with justice. When this future king arrives, the people will gain understanding and pay attention to his ways.

The foolish and evildoers will no longer be considered honorable or noble. In God’s justice system, the righteous and kind will have authority over the wicked.

God confronts complacent women who do not regard His words. Isaiah warns that in about a year, the land will dry up and there will be no harvest. Instead of a populous fruitful city, the land will become a thorny pasture of wild donkeys. Isaiah foretells that the land will remain desolate until God pours out His spirit, bringing peace and prosperity.

ISAIAH 33

GOD IS BOTH MERCIFUL + JUST 

Isaiah warns those who destroy and traitors who betray. God will rise again in Zion, proving to be the strong foundation of Jerusalem. God will replace the arrogant leaders, and those who oppose Him will face His judgment.

Eventually, God will restore the faithful remnant into a place of peace and forgiveness. This chapter captures how God is both perfectly just and merciful.

Isaiah 33:22 - For the Lord is our judge; the Lord is our lawgiver; the Lord is our king; he will save us.

ISAIAH 34

GOD IS ENRAGED AGAINST THE SINFUL NATIONS

God tells the rebellious nations that He is enraged with their sin and transgressions, referring to them as “Edom,” one of Israel’s greatest enemies. Whoever opposes God’s people is in opposition with God, who has become furious with their rebellion.

God has authority over all earthly and supernatural forces. The nations who reject God will become desolate and overrun by wild animals. The chapter ends with the assurance that God's Word will stand forever, highlighting His unwavering faithfulness and justice.

ISAIAH 35

THOSE WHO KNOW GOD WILL HAVE EVERLASTING JOY 

Isaiah beautifully describes a time of peace and restoration that awaits where the land will be made fruitful and lavish. When that day arrives, everyone will see God’s abundant glory and goodness. Isaiah offers hope that God’s people will be free from sorrow and sickness. Those who know God will walk in holiness and obtain gladness and joy.

Isaiah 35:5-6 prophesizes that the true Savior will be able to give sight to the blind, allow hearing for the deaf, and bring words to the mute—all miraculous acts later performed by Jesus!

ISAIAH 36

HEZEKIAH’S LEADERSHIP IN THE FACE OF ADVERSITY 

Assyria’s military commander approaches the leaders of Judah with mockery and vengeance. Assyria makes bold claims towards Judah, telling them that not only will God allow them to be defeated, but God is the source of their afflictions. Assyria boasts over Judah’s helplessness, knowing that Egypt is not a reliable source of help and claiming God will hand them over.

Hezekiah, Judah’s king, instructs the people of Judah to remain silent and not respond to the insults of Assyria.

ISAIAH 37

HEZEKIAH TURNS TO GOD IN PRAYER

Isaiah brings a message from God, telling King Hezekiah not to worry. God will allow confusion for the king of Assyria, causing him to turn around and leave Judah.

When Hezekiah hears the news that Assyria is threatening Judah, his response is to turn to God in prayer asking for protection.

God had already determined the fate of Judah and the later timing in which they would be captured. Assyria is far stronger, having defeated other greater nations, but God’s plans miraculously come to pass, and Judah is spared once again. Of the Assyrian army, 185,000 were killed, including King Sennacherib.

ISAIAH 38

GOD EXTENDS THE LIFE OF HEZEKIAH

Hezekiah becomes ill and is nearing death. Hezekiah pleads with God asking Him to remember his faithfulness and to spare his life.

God tells Isaiah that He hears the cries of Hezekiah and will extend his life for fifteen years and continue to protect him from the Assyrians. God uses a sundial reversing in time as a sign to Hezekiah that he will keep His promise to extend his life.

Hezekiah responds to God’s grace with a prayer of rejoicing and honoring God. Isaiah instructs Hezekiah to apply figs to his boils to heal them.

ISAIAH 39

HEZEKIAH TRUSTS GOD’S GOOD PLANS

After hearing of Hezekiah’s miraculous recovery, the King of Babylon travels to visit Hezekiah. When he arrives, Hezekiah welcomes the king and his men and proudly shows them his many treasures, including silver and gold, spices and oils, and other precious things. Instead of boasting in God’s protection and healing, Hezekiah boasts in his possessions.

Isaiah later confronts Hezekiah and warns him that one day all of his precious belongings will be taken by the Babylonians and that his sons would one day be exiled in Babylon.

Hezekiah responds to this news by saying that God’s news is good and that there would be peace and security all of his days. It is debated if his response is selfless or selfish. It is possible his response displays trust in God, but he is also glad that he would not be alive to see the coming destruction. Hezekiah’s reign is also recorded in 2 Kings 18-20.

ISAIAH 40

GOD’S GREATNESS RULES THE NATIONS + HIS WORD LASTS FOREVER 

The book of Isaiah shifts in this chapter from warning Judah of the exile, to foretelling the time after the exile, when God will bring His people out of suffering and restore them to fullness.

This section was either written by Isaiah in anticipation of God’s redemption of Israel or later written by Isaiah’s disciples mentioned in 8:16. (For the sake of clarity, we will continue to refer to the prophet or the messenger as Isaiah.)

God gives comfort and strength to the weary, preparing them for a time of peace and grace. God’s glory will be revealed, and everyone will experience His goodness. Although the grass withers and the flowers fade, the Word of God will last forever.

Good news is on the way, God does not grow weary, and nothing compares to His greatness. God's understanding is unsearchable; He reveals His character to us, but His vast power is incomprehensible!

Isaiah 40:8 - The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God will stand forever.

ISAIAH 41

GOD PROMISES TO BE WITH ISRAEL + STRENGTHEN THEM 

God promises to renew the strength of Israel and tells them there is no need to fear—peace and good news is on the way! Isaiah says that God will accomplish His purposes for Judah. God is the one in control, not worthless man-made idols.

Instead, those who oppose God’s people and worship false gods will be put to shame with nothing to show.

God will reestablish Israel and keep His promises to the nation and their ancestors. God’s new creation in Israel will be indisputably His work!

ISAIAH 42

GOD WILL SEND A CHOSEN SERVANT 

God will send His chosen servant, whom God delights in and fills with His spirit. This chapter begins to describe the character of Jesus to the Israelites and explains that He will accomplish God’s will on Earth, saying that God’s servant will be a light to the nations and open the eyes of the blind.

God calls the Israelites into righteousness and wants to rebuild their covenant. God will not be discouraged by Israel’s unwillingness to see or hear God’s messages, but instead will bring justice and redemption.

ISAIAH 43

GOD HAS PLANS TO MAKE ISRAEL NEW 

God is the Creator, Sustainer, and Redeemer of Israel. God’s people will pass through rivers, but not drown. They will walk through the fire and not be burned. God will bring glory to His people and use them for His purposes.

There is no other God, He is the only Savior and Redeemer. God is doing something new in Israel that will spring forth new growth.

Israel has sinned and caused more trouble than their sacrifices can cover, but God will blot out their transgressions for His own sake and no longer count their wrongdoings against them.

ISAIAH 44

GOD IS THE ONE TRUE GOD, THE CREATOR OF EVERY OTHER THING  

Israel is God’s chosen people, and they will be restored and receive God’s blessing. Through Isaiah, God reminds the Israelites that there is no other God or redeemer besides Him. Israel is God’s servant and will not be forgotten by God.

God responds to the Israelites' worship of man-made idols. God distinguishes that the idols are created out of cedar and cypress, but it was God who created everything on Earth.

ISAIAH 45

GOD ALONE IS THE ONLY CREATOR + SAVIOR

God promised King Cyrus, ruler of Persia, that he would be victorious over his enemies. Eventually, Persia would defeat Babylon, ending the exile of Judah and allowing God to reestablish Jerusalem. God is able to orchestrate enemy nations to coincide with His plans!

God continues to speak against false idols and declares that man-made items cannot save them. Although it might look different today, humanity still relies heavily on man-made constructs for safety and security. Those who cling to false idols will ultimately be put to shame. There will come a day when everyone will acknowledge God’s sovereignty, bowing down and confessing that He is God alone!

Isaiah 45:22 - Turn to me and be saved, all the ends of the earth! For I am God, and there is no other.

ISAIAH 46

THE ONE TRUE GOD IS GREATER THAN ALL IDOLS 

Isaiah continues sharing God’s message warning against false gods and idol worship. Idolatry will lead people to exile, but following God will lead them to salvation. Isaiah mentions Bel and Nebo, Babylonian and Assyrian gods, saying that they will bow down and be defeated.

God wants the Israelites to remember all that He has done from them and acknowledge the many times He has provided for them. Isaiah questions them, asking what the false idols have provided or accomplished for them. They are worthless in comparison to God.

Regardless of Israel’s unfaithfulness, God’s plans will come to pass, and Israel will be reestablished for God’s glory.

ISAIAH 47

GOD WARNS OF BABYLON’S DESTRUCTION 

Isaiah speaks a prophetic warning of the downfall of Babylon. Years later, Babylon would be defeated by Persia, fulfilling this prophecy as well as God’s promise to Persia in Isaiah 45.

God speaks against the pride and selfishness of the Babylonians. They have been living in a state of self-indulgence, but would soon experience suffering. The things that Babylon has been placing their trust in, magic and sorcery, will be proven useless when they need rescue.

ISAIAH 48

GOD WILL REFINE ISRAEL FOR HIS GLORY 

God tells Israel that He will save them, despite their unfaithfulness and resistance. God is planning on doing something new with Israel, something that the false gods could never accomplish or take credit for. Although God has allowed for the Israelites to be exiled by Babylon, He has plans to restore and redeem them through Persia’s defeat of Babylon.

God does not refine the Israelites for their glory, but for His own. If the Israelites listened to God all along, their lives would have been filled with more rest and peace. Isaiah uses the illustration of God providing water in the desert (Exodus 17) to remind Israel of His care for them.

ISAIAH 49

GOD’S RESTORATION OF ISRAEL 

Israel is named as God’s servant who will bring Him glory. God is the strength of Israel and will bring back the preserved remnant of people who are faithful to Him. God will keep his covenant with Israel and reestablish them. Because of God’s compassion on his people, the Israelites will experience comfort over affliction.

Through Isaiah, God tells Israel that they are engraved on the palms of His hands. Hundreds of years later, Jesus would endure the cross, leaving the scars of nails engraved in His hands.

Those who wait for the Lord will not be put to shame. One day, everyone will know that God is the only Savior and Redeemer.

ISAIAH 50

ISRAEL’S REBELLION + GOD’S FAITHFULNESS 

God reminds Israel of His power and authority over creation. It is not God’s inability to save Israel that has brought them to a place of destruction, but their own sin and faithlessness.

Isaiah has been sustained by God and given the strength and understanding to deliver God’s word. Because of God’s powerful message of destruction and warning, Isaiah is beaten up and spit on. Similar to Jesus, Isaiah was sent by God and rejected by man.

Questioning the Israelites, Isaiah asks who fears the Lord and obeys His voice as a servant. Isaiah calls for those who walk in darkness to turn towards God.

ISAIAH 51

GOD IS ISRAEL’S SOURCE OF COMFORT + RIGHTEOUSNESS

Isaiah challenges the Israelites to reflect on their past history with God, including His promise to Abraham and parting the Red Sea. Eventually, the Earth will die out, but God offers salvation that allows His people to dwell in righteousness eternally.

God has authority over the heavens and earth, the seas and the stars. God comforts those who are afraid of death, reminding them that they will not be lacking in eternity.

The Israelites once experienced God’s wrath, but that wrath will be passed to the oppressors and tormentors of God’s people.

ISAIAH 52

GOD’S SERVANT WILL SUFFER FOR THE REDEMPTION OF HIS PEOPLE

Isaiah wants the Israelites to anticipate their redemption, because God is preparing the salvation of His people. God will lead His people into a better, restored, new Jerusalem.

To pay for the price of sin, God’s servant will be tortured and marred, becoming disfigured beyond recognition. Isaiah states that this suffering servant would be pierced for the transgressions of many nations, foretelling the brutal death of Jesus on the cross.

ISAIAH 53

THE SAVIOR WILL BE THE LAMB OF GOD LED TO SLAUGHTER

Isaiah foretells of the coming Messiah, stating that He will be despised and rejected by men. Isaiah begins with the humble beginning of the Savior, explaining that He will have no apparent majesty.

God’s suffering servant will be pierced for the transgressions of mankind and crushed for their iniquities. His chastisement will bring peace and healing to those who do not deserve it. The wounds of Jesus on the cross will cover the cost of sin and provide a means of salvation to all believers.

Isaiah prophesizes that during his oppression and affliction, he would not speak, foreshadowing Jesus’ silence in Matthew 27:14. Like a spotless lamb led to sacrifice, He was silent and obedient. Although He was without sin, He took on the consequences of the sin of the world. The death of the innocent Savior would appease God’s need for justice and permanently deal with sin. Although it grieved Him, God’s will was for the Messiah to die.

This chapter has caused great debate within Christianity and Judaism, with differing interpretations about its meaning and whom the prophecies refer to. For believers, Isaiah 53 contains many references to Jesus, including specific details of His arrest and death.

Isaiah 53:5 - But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed.

ISAIAH 54

GOD PROMISES PEACE FOR THE ISRAELITES 

God uses the metaphor of marriage to describe His relationship with Israel, portraying Himself as a faithful husband and Israel as a wife who has been grieved and temporarily forsaken. Despite Israel's period of suffering due to their faithlessness, God reassures them of His unwavering love and compassion. He affirms them and promises to restore the nation, blessing them with many offspring. Similar to the message of the prophet Hosea, Isaiah describes how God will continually pursue His people and repeatedly save them.

God deserted the nation for only a brief moment, allowing them to suffer for their faithlessness during the exile, but is ultimately compassionate and promises to bring peace. Comparing the rescue of the Israelites to the protection God provided for Noah during the flood, God shows steadfast love for His people. God will protect the Israelites from their enemies, promising that no weapon forged against them will prosper.

ISAIAH 55

GOD’S PROVISION + FAITHFULNESS 

God offers an invitation to all who are thirsty and hungry to come and eat, drink, and delight without cost. God’s grace and kindness is on display as He offers provision to those who seek Him. Those who follow God will be included in an everlasting covenant, reinstating the promise God originally made with David to send an eternal king.

Isaiah emphasizes that God’s thoughts and ways are higher than the thoughts and ways of mankind. His words are not empty words; everything He says will come to pass.

ISAIAH 56

GOD INSTRUCTS THE ISRAELITES TO BE RIGHTEOUS + JUST

God challenges the Israelites to live justly and pursue righteousness. Isaiah explains how anyone who loves the Lord will be included as His servants, not only the Israelites. Whoever chooses to follow and love God will be accepted—faithful foreigners will be adopted into God’s chosen family! God redeems the Israelites' lack of faithfulness to include other nations within the faith.

God criticizes the rebellious leaders, comparing them to blind and lazy watchdogs who love to sleep. This is a reminder that Israel is not redeemed because of their works or great leadership, but because of God’s kindness and compassion.

ISAIAH 57

GOD’S COMFORT TO BELIEVERS + WRATH AGAINST FALSE IDOLS 

Isaiah explains that the righteous will be taken away from calamity and enter into peace and rest. On the other hand, the wicked and unfaithful who worship false gods are headed for destruction. If someone calls out to God, they will be saved, but whoever trusts in their false idols is hopeless.

God will bring healing to the righteous, but for the wicked there will be no peace. This chapter serves as a stark contrast between the comfort of following God and the consequences of rejecting Him.

ISAIAH 58

GOD CARES ABOUT OUR INTENTIONS

Isaiah describes both a righteous and unrighteous way of fasting, a common practice among God’s people. God does not desire religious acts for show or personal gain. Instead, God desires for his people to show genuine generosity and hospitality. Giving or abstaining should come from a place of love, not one of selfish desire or keeping up appearances. Instead of abuse or arguing, fasting should lead to humility and generosity.

Isaiah encourages the Israelites to keep the Sabbath day, remembering and delighting in God. This weekly celebration is meant for rest and enjoyment, not getting ahead or staying busy.

ISAIAH 59

GOD IS CLOTHED IN GARMENTS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS

Isaiah reveals that the problems facing God's people are not due to God's absence or unwillingness to rescue them, but caused by Israel’s rebellion. Sin has separated the Israelites from God, not God’s unwillingness to rescue them.

The Israelites are described as acting wickedly, with blood-stained hands, lying lips, and feet that rush toward evil. God is displeased with how far His people have strayed from Him. In response, God is depicted as putting on garments of righteousness, similar to the armor described in Ephesians 6—wearing a breastplate of righteousness, a helmet of salvation, and clothing of vengeance. This description of God shows His ability to balance both compassion and wrath.

Despite Israel’s actions, God chooses to keep His covenant with His people. God promises that His spirit will be upon them and that His words will forever remain on their lips.

ISAIAH 60

THE LORD WILL BE AN EVERLASTING LIGHT IN ISRAEL

Isaiah speaks of a future hope for God’s people foretelling a time when God will rebuild and reunite Israel and Jerusalem, making them prosper and thrive once again. He calls the people to lift their eyes and see, knowing their hearts will be thrilled by the sight of God's glory.

The walls will be rebuilt, and the gate will be opened, allowing all nations to enter and bring gifts of reverence. The light of God will shine, showing His glory in His eternal reign over Israel. In the time of God’s reign, there will be no more devastation or destruction. God has more in store than the Israelites can imagine!

ISAIAH 61

THE SHARED MISSION OF ISAIAH + JESUS 

Isaiah believes God has anointed him with His spirit to bring good news to the afflicted, healing to the brokenhearted, and freedom to the captives. In Luke 4:16-30, Jesus reads the words of Isaiah 61:1-2 to the people of Nazareth, telling them He has come to fulfill this prophecy.

Similar to God’s mission for Jesus, God sends Isaiah to make an announcement of God’s grace, defeat of enemies, and comfort those who mourn. Isaiah’s description of his calling to bring great joy is a prophetic depiction of the message that Jesus will bring many years later.

Because of God’s kindness and generosity, God’s people will inherit a double portion and everlasting joy. Just like a plant sprouting from the Earth, God will cause Israel to grow, bringing forth righteousness and praise from His people.

ISAIAH 62

A NEW NAME GIVEN TO JERUSALEM 

Eventually, all of the nations will recognize Jerusalem as righteous. God’s chosen people will become his crown of glory. No longer will Jerusalem be left deserted and desolate, but instead God will once again delight in His people in the same way a groom delights in his bride

Jerusalem will be given new names: A City Not Forsaken, Holy People, Redeemed by the Lord! Isaiah warns the people to be on the lookout for the coming Savior, assuring them that He will do what God has promised.

ISAIAH 63

PRAISE GOD FOR HIS WONDROUS DEEDS + STEADFAST LOVE 

Isaiah portrays God as both gracious to His people and vengeful to the enemies of Israel. He describes God as robed in splendor, yet splattered with the blood of His adversaries.

Isaiah recounts many wondrous deeds of God, including parting the sea for Moses, preserving the Israelites in the desert, and bringing them the rest of His spirit. Despite their wandering, God’s people praise Him for his constant love and steadfast faithfulness to them.

ISAIAH 64

GOD’S UNFATHOMABLE GREATNESS

One day, all of the nations will acknowledge God, His name will be made known even to enemy nations. No one has ever before conceived an idea of God that matches His greatness, His glory is unimaginable. Even humanity’s best attempt at righteousness is like dirty laundry compared to God’s virtue.

God’s people are like clay in His hands, able to be formed in His hands to produce great things. God has felt distant because of humanity’s sin, but God is still the Father of creation and will draw near once again.

Isaiah 64:8 - But now, O Lord, you are our Father; we are the clay, and you are our potter; we are all the work of your hand.

ISAIAH 65

GOD’S PROMISES FOR THE NEW CREATION

Isaiah shares God's response to the praise and repentance of the previous chapters, revealing that God held out His hands to a defiant and obstinate people. It wasn’t God who was distant, but rather the people who were sinful.

A day of God's vengeance will come, where those who oppose Him and commit evil will be rebuked. While God has plans of abundance and blessing for His people, those who reject Him will be put to shame.

God's servants will rejoice as He establishes the new heavens and new earth. The old will be exchanged for the new, bringing eternal gladness and joy. God has proven to be trustworthy, and His promises of eternity are good news for believers!

ISAIAH 66

GOD’S FINAL REDEMPTION + RESTORATION

Summarizing the main themes of prophecy throughout the book, this chapter emphasizes God’s ultimate purposes of redemption and restoration. God honors those who are humble and contrite, blessing them abundantly.

God will reestablish Jerusalem as a place where comfort and joy will abound. Those who enter the New Jerusalem will have flourishing bones and rejoicing hearts. Those who seek God will be granted eternal life, and people from all nations will come together to worship Him.